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Historical Perspectives on the Role of Crop Diversity in Achieving Food and Nutrition Security
https://doi.org/10.34556/0002000627
https://doi.org/10.34556/00020006272da1588e-8e96-4ebf-a4de-416ed8c0f402
| 名前 / ファイル | ライセンス | アクション |
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International sympo2024-_11-18 (730.1 KB)
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| Item type | 国際農研デフォルトアイテムタイプ（フル）(1) | |||||||
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| 公開日 | 2024-12-26 | |||||||
| タイトル | ||||||||
| タイトル | Historical Perspectives on the Role of Crop Diversity in Achieving Food and Nutrition Security | |||||||
| 言語 | en | |||||||
| 作成者 |
Krishnan, Sarada
× Krishnan, Sarada
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| アクセス権 | ||||||||
| アクセス権 | open access | |||||||
| アクセス権URI | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 | |||||||
| 内容記述 | ||||||||
| 内容記述タイプ | Abstract | |||||||
| 内容記述 | Diversity within and among domesticated species has been the cornerstone of agricultural development. Since the advent of agriculture, farmers around the world have served as custodians of this diversity, safeguarding it for future generations. Through thousands of years of cultivation, farmers have selected for plants that are adapted to local climatic conditions, which are called landraces. But the globalization of agriculture and plant breeding has led to the loss of genetic diversity in farmers’ fields, causing genetic erosion. Conservation of plant diversity in genebanks safeguards it for use by current and future generations, both directly by farmers and as the raw materials for research and plant breeding. Genebanks therefore ultimately contribute to sustainable crop production systems, and hence food and nutrition security. The most important person in the history of crop diversity conservation was Nikolai Vavilov. His work on the biogeography of crop plants provided a theoretical basis for the relationship between a crop's center of origin and the amount of genetic variation it displayed. He conducted numerous collecting trips around the world and identified main and secondary centers of diversity for numerous crops. Another important historical figure in advancing the conservation of crop diversity was Otto H. Frankel. He developed the concepts of the genetic conservation of crop plants and was central to the efforts to organize genetic conservation from the 1960s onwards. He is credited with bringing together the International Biological Programme (IBP) and the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in the common cause of halting genetic erosion and conserving crop diversity by advocating for the establishment of a network of regional genebanks. This led to the formation of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research, which we now know as CGIAR, and the subsequent formation of the International Board for Plant Genetic Resources, which is now under CGIAR as the Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT. Hundreds of genebanks now conserve the diversity of many crops from all over the world, representing variation at the genetic level, both within and among crop populations. Conservation in genebanks means that landraces threatened with genetic erosion in farmers’ fields can be preserved and made available to users. The international genebanks of CGIAR centers conserve the global diversity of some of the major global crops, whereas national genebanks focus on the agricultural heritage of their country, which includes crops more specifically important to the country’s culture and its agricultural development. The ultimate security of seed collections is the safety back up in the permafrost at the Svalbard Global Seed Vault. The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA) provides a policy framework for the world’s genebanks. The Global Crop Diversity Trust is an essential element of the funding strategy of the ITPGRFA and is raising an endowment to support the essential operations of key genebanks around the world, starting with international collections. |
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| 言語 | en | |||||||
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| 出版者 | Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS) | |||||||
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| 言語 | eng | |||||||
| 資源タイプ | ||||||||
| 資源タイプ識別子 | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_c94f | |||||||
| 資源タイプ | conference presentation | |||||||
| 出版タイプ | ||||||||
| 出版タイプ | VoR | |||||||
| 出版タイプResource | http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 | |||||||
| ID登録 | ||||||||
| ID登録 | 10.34556/0002000627 | |||||||
| ID登録タイプ | JaLC | |||||||
| 関連情報 | ||||||||
| 関連タイプ | isPartOf | |||||||
| 識別子タイプ | DOI | |||||||
| 関連識別子 | https://doi.org/10.34556/0002000621 | |||||||
| 関連名称 | Resilient Genetic Resources for Food Security in the Era of Global Boiling | |||||||
| 書誌情報 |
en : JIRCAS International Symposium Proceedings : Resilient Genetic Resources for Food Security in the Era of Global Boiling 巻 2024, p. 11-18, 発行日 2024-12-23 |
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| 会議記述 | ||||||||
| 会議名 | JIRCAS International Symposium 2024 : Resilient Genetic Resources for Food Security in the Era of Global Boiling | |||||||
| 主催機関 | Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS) | |||||||
| 開催期間 | 2024-11-22 | |||||||
| 開催会場 | U Thant International Conference Hall, United Nations University | |||||||
| 開催国 | JPN | |||||||
